Long Covid Clinical Trials

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in symptomatic postdischarge long-COVID patients.

Treatment scope: Randomised clinical trial compares home inspiratory muscle training with usual care in symptomatic people at least three months after COVID-19 hospital discharge.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, unresolved transparency items, and one apparent statistical reporting inconsistency warrant caution, but the supplied evidence does not provide concrete corroborated grounds for serious concerns.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Report describes a randomized, parallel-group treatment trial in people with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Treatment scope: Randomized home-exercise trial in participants meeting post-COVID syndrome criteria more than 12 weeks after infection.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence establishes untrustworthy data or findings, but substantial source limitations prevent a no-concerns trustworthiness judgment. Human review is required.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized controlled treatment trial in post-COVID-19 syndrome with CT-confirmed pulmonary involvement.

Treatment scope: Triple-blind randomized trial of inspiratory muscle strength training in people with post-COVID syndrome and persistent symptoms at least 12 weeks after infection.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

A concrete unexplained eligibility-data discrepancy, combined with incomplete notice, registry-history, textual, and visual checks, warrants sensitivity analysis and human review rather than a serious-concerns judgment.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Randomized human treatment trial in post-COVID syndrome.

Treatment scope: Original randomized controlled trial of telerehabilitation versus unsupervised home exercise in patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is a randomized trial, but unexplained conflicting 5-TST results and incomplete transparency checks warrant sensitivity analysis and human review rather than a serious-concerns judgment.

1 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with post-COVID-19 condition and persistent pain.

Treatment scope: This randomized controlled trial enrolled people meeting WHO post-COVID-condition criteria and reported outcomes of the Pain Informed Movement program.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is a randomized Long COVID treatment trial, but multiple unexplained internal reporting inconsistencies warrant sensitivity analysis and human verification; the available evidence does not establish serious concerns about trustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled treatment trial in people with PASC-related fatigue.

Treatment scope: Randomized sham-controlled trial reports clinical outcomes of HD-tDCS plus rehabilitation in people with PASC-related fatigue.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration and multiple concrete reporting inconsistencies warrant clarification and sensitivity analysis, but do not establish serious concerns beyond reasonable doubt.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with persistent dyspnea after COVID-19-related ARDS, consistent with Long COVID.

Treatment scope: RCT reports exercise-rehabilitation outcomes in people with persistent dyspnoea at least 3 months after ICU discharge for COVID-19 ARDS.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, unavailable registry history, and multiple internal numerical-reporting discrepancies warrant clarification and sensitivity analysis before reliance in synthesis.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

1 extracted findings were withheld from the review after source validation failed. Existing dashboard outcome values have not been revalidated by this filter.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human multicenter randomized trial of CBT versus care as usual for severe fatigue 3–12 months after COVID-19.

Treatment scope: Randomized CBT-versus-usual-care trial enrolled people with persistent severe post-COVID fatigue and reports clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of data or figure manipulation was identified, but several governance, notice, duplication, statistical-verification, and cross-publication checks remain unresolved. Human review is required.

1 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Three-arm randomized human treatment trial in adults with post-COVID syndrome following hospitalization.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial reports exercise-rehabilitation outcomes in clinician-diagnosed post-COVID syndrome with ongoing symptoms beyond 12 weeks.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Internal numerical and cross-reporting discrepancies warrant resolution before quantitative synthesis, but the packet does not provide corroborated evidence sufficient for serious trustworthiness concerns.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with post-COVID-19 condition.

Treatment scope: This randomized intervention trial enrolled participants with post-COVID condition symptoms and reports outcomes after virtual-reality versus conventional exercise.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Unresolved governance/transparency limitations and reporting inconsistencies warrant sensitivity consideration, but supplied evidence does not establish serious concerns about trustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Report describes a randomized two-group treatment trial in people with persistent long COVID symptoms.

Treatment scope: Randomized clinical results of pulmonary rehabilitation with or without progressive muscle relaxation in participants with persistent long-COVID symptoms.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: serious concerns.

The unexplained, central contradiction in participant flow and attrition between Figure 1 and the text creates serious doubt about the reported data and findings. Human review is required.

6 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

At least one assessment raised serious concerns. The report is held pending review, including when the first assessment was less severe.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized trial in post–COVID-19 condition, comparing cognitive-behavioral outpatient rehabilitation with care as usual.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial of an outpatient rehabilitation intervention in patients with persistent PCC symptoms and functional disability, with reported outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

A randomized Long COVID trial is reported, but limited source access leaves several trustworthiness checks unresolved and there is a concrete inconsistency in interpretation of the primary outcome. This machine assessment requires human review.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Conference-abstract report of a randomized, two-arm Long COVID treatment trial.

Treatment scope: This RCT reports exercise-training outcomes in adults with ongoing Long COVID symptoms more than 12 weeks after acute COVID-19.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

There is no concrete corroborated integrity defect in the supplied evidence, but the conference-abstract-only record leaves substantial trustworthiness checks unresolved. Human review is required.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial in adults with post-COVID syndrome.

Treatment scope: Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of repeated REGENECYTE infusions in adults with persistent post-COVID symptoms, reporting clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is a plausible registered randomized trial, but incomplete external checks and the unresolved p-value discrepancy warrant sensitivity analysis and human review rather than a serious-concerns judgment.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with persistent post-COVID-19 fatigue and dyspnoea.

Treatment scope: RCT reports respiratory-muscle-training outcomes in participants with fatigue and dyspnoea persisting at least 3 months after COVID-19.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of untrustworthiness was identified, but several INSPECT-SR checks remain unresolved because registry history, publisher-notice review, supplementary/companion material, and formal verification were unavailable.

1 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized crossover treatment trial in adults with persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Treatment scope: Doctoral thesis reports a randomized crossover trial of power resistance training in symptomatic post-COVID participants.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Relevant randomized crossover results are reported, but unresolved registration/design discrepancies, an analytical figure-legend inconsistency, and incomplete source coverage warrant sensitivity analysis and human review.

6 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Reports a completed two-arm randomized trial of outpatient cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation versus care as usual in adults with post-COVID-19 condition.

Treatment scope: Economic evaluation accompanying a previously published trial; its primary clinical intervention results were published elsewhere.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete, corroborated integrity defect was identified, but incomplete notice review, registry history, companion-report access, and numerical verification leave material trustworthiness checks unresolved.

7 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Conference-abstract report of a randomized, waitlist-controlled treatment trial in adults with PASC brain fog and IADL impairment.

Treatment scope: This report randomized people with post-acute long-COVID brain fog to immediate or delayed CICT and provides comparative clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of untrustworthy data or findings was identified, but the available evidence is only a brief preliminary conference abstract with substantial unresolvable reporting gaps. Human review is required.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Conference-abstract report of a randomized, three-arm treatment trial in people with post-COVID syndrome who also had osteoarthritis.

Treatment scope: Randomized rehabilitation intervention results in people with post-COVID syndrome 12-26 weeks after COVID-19.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No compelling evidence establishes untrustworthy data or findings, but the conference-abstract record has substantial unresolved transparency and reporting limitations. All machine decisions require human review.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Report describes a randomized, two-arm treatment trial in people with post-COVID symptoms persisting beyond 12 weeks.

Treatment scope: Double-arm randomized trial treating participants with persistent post-COVID symptoms beyond three months and reporting comparative outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Incomplete governance/registration evidence and multiple internal statistical-reporting inconsistencies warrant sensitivity analysis and human review, but the supplied packet does not provide concrete corroborated evidence sufficient for serious concerns.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human two-group treatment trial in post-COVID asthenic syndrome; patients were described as randomized to ozone plus drug therapy or drug therapy alone.

Treatment scope: Randomized two-group treatment report in patients with post-COVID asthenic syndrome, comparing systemic ozone plus drug therapy with drug therapy and reporting outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report describes an eligible randomized trial, but unresolved transparency limitations and concrete internal reporting discrepancies warrant sensitivity analysis and human review.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in people with post-COVID asthenic symptoms.

Treatment scope: Randomized placebo-controlled trial reports clinical outcomes of Brainmax in participants with persistent post-COVID asthenic symptoms.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report describes an eligible randomized trial, but unresolved post-publication and registration checks plus an unexplained figure-table discrepancy reduce confidence in trustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Report describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in people with post-COVID syndrome.

Treatment scope: This secondary/subanalysis report itself presents clinical trial outcomes for Brainmax versus placebo in post-COVID syndrome.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is an eligible randomized trial, but incomplete registration, participant-flow, statistical-verification, and companion-report information limits confidence in trustworthiness; no concrete compelling evidence warrants serious concerns.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

1 extracted findings were withheld from the review after source validation failed. Existing dashboard outcome values have not been revalidated by this filter.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel two-group randomized controlled trial in adults with anxiety/depressive post-COVID disorders persisting at least 12 weeks after remission.

Treatment scope: Randomized controlled trial of remote medical-psychological rehabilitation in participants with post-COVID symptoms lasting at least 12 weeks, reporting depression and anxiety outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is an eligible randomized trial, but unregistered/undocumented registration status, incomplete external and visual checks, and an unexplained internal statistical-text discrepancy warrant sensitivity analysis and human review rather than exclusion for serious concerns.

8 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

At least one assessment raised serious concerns. The report is held pending review, including when the first assessment was less severe.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized trial of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation for persistent long-COVID dyspnoea.

Treatment scope: Randomized clinical trial of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in people with persistent long-COVID dyspnoea, with outcomes reported.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No compelling evidence establishes serious trustworthiness concerns, but incomplete notice, registry, figure, and cross-publication checks plus the unresolved change-score contradiction warrant human review and sensitivity analysis.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized, sham-controlled treatment trial in adults with post-acute COVID-19-associated POTS.

Treatment scope: Randomized sham-controlled trial of tragus stimulation for post-COVID POTS with chronic symptoms lasting more than 3 months.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report describes a randomized human Long COVID/POTS treatment trial, but unresolved ethics-timing/consent issues, apparent absence of registration, incomplete attrition reporting, and limited numerical reporting warrant cautious use and human review; they do not constitute concrete corroborated evidence sufficient for serious concerns.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized treatment trial in chronic post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis.

Treatment scope: Randomized exercise trial reports clinical outcomes in men with persistent post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Concrete reporting inconsistencies require clarification, while unresolved registration and post-publication checks limit confidence. The evidence does not establish serious concerns beyond reasonable doubt.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled treatment trial in adults with persistent post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms.

Treatment scope: Randomized sham-controlled trial of HBOT in patients with persistent post-COVID symptoms for at least three months, reporting clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of untrustworthy data or findings was identified, but registry history, direct publisher-notice review, specialist image forensics, statistical verification, and companion reports remain unavailable. Human review is required.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized waitlist-controlled trial in people meeting CDC long COVID criteria.

Treatment scope: Randomized waitlist-controlled trial evaluates an awe intervention and reports psychological-health outcomes in participants meeting long-COVID criteria.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of untrustworthy data or findings was identified, but important verification gaps remain across post-publication notices, registry history, text duplication, and statistical-result checking. Human review is required.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized trial in adults with post-COVID condition, comparing symptom-titrated exercise with wait-list control.

Treatment scope: This multicentre randomized controlled trial tested symptom-titrated exercise in people with PCC and fatigue and reports clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report is a relevant RCT, but the unresolved randomized-total discrepancy and incomplete transparency, visual, registry-history, and statistical-verification evidence warrant some concerns, not serious concerns.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial of supervised exercise in nonhospitalized adults with a chronic symptomatic post-COVID phase lasting more than 12 weeks.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, unresolved registry-history issues, and an unexplained text/table discrepancy warrant human review and sensitivity analysis, but do not provide compelling evidence that the data are untrustworthy.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized parallel-group treatment trial in adults with post-acute COVID syndrome.

Treatment scope: Randomized controlled trial of balneotherapy in physician-diagnosed PACS under WHO criteria, reporting participant outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, incomplete external-notice/registry-history review, partial figure review, and an apparent numerical reporting error warrant cautious use, but do not amount to compelling evidence of serious untrustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

1 extracted findings were withheld from the review after source validation failed. Existing dashboard outcome values have not been revalidated by this filter.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Conference-abstract report of a parallel-group, double-blind randomized trial in older non-hospitalized people with Long COVID-related fatigue and depression.

Treatment scope: Conference report presents randomized trial results of L-arginine plus SSRI versus SSRI alone in older outpatients with long-COVID fatigue and depression.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence of untrustworthiness is identified, but this one-page conference abstract leaves most governance and results checks unresolved.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Report describes a randomized, parallel-group human treatment trial in adults with long COVID and fatigue.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial of online and face-to-face Mat Pilates in participants with long COVID and fatigue, reporting post-intervention health outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Several internally inconsistent or implausible reporting features warrant sensitivity analysis and human review, but no corroborated evidence establishes serious doubts about data or findings.

1 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized treatment trial in older adults with persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Treatment scope: Randomized resistance-training trial reporting balance and quality-of-life outcomes in symptomatic post-COVID older adults.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective public registration and unavailable registration history create trustworthiness concerns, but the supplied material provides no concrete compelling evidence of data or result fabrication/manipulation.

7 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized parallel trial in older adults with persistent post-COVID symptoms, comparing resistance training with usual activity.

Treatment scope: Randomized resistance-training trial reporting functional outcomes in older adults with post-COVID symptoms 3–12 months after infection.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The trial is eligible and largely coherent, but delayed public registration, unavailable registry history, incomplete notice/author checks, and the unresolved inconsistent effect-size reporting warrant sensitivity consideration and human review.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized treatment trial in people with long COVID.

Treatment scope: Randomized controlled trial of slow deep-breathing exercises in physician-diagnosed long-COVID patients with symptoms persisting over 3 months.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete, corroborated evidence supports serious concerns, but incomplete registration transparency, partial visual coverage, and unavailable supplementary numerical data leave multiple INSPECT-SR checks unresolved.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in participants with PASC symptoms persisting at least 12 weeks.

Treatment scope: Randomized study of intermittent hypoxia versus normoxia in participants meeting the NICE PASC definition, with reported clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Concrete internal reporting inconsistencies warrant caution, but the supplied evidence does not establish serious doubts about data trustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human parallel-group randomized treatment trial in adults with long COVID, comparing supervised cardiopulmonary rehabilitation with usual daily routines.

Treatment scope: Randomized controlled trial of an 8-week cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program in people with long COVID and persistent dyspnea and/or fatigue more than three months after infection, reporting outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete compelling evidence warrants serious concerns, but incomplete post-publication, registry-history, statistical, and cross-publication checks limit confidence and require human review.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized wait-list-controlled treatment trial in adults with long COVID and overweight.

Treatment scope: Wait-list-controlled randomized trial of remotely delivered weight management in adults with established long COVID, reporting symptom outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The report supports an authentic randomized trial, but unresolved registration/visual-review limitations and an unexplained 235-versus-234 randomized-participant discrepancy warrant sensitivity consideration and human review.

4 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: This news report describes a randomized comparison of online REGAIN rehabilitation versus usual care in adults with persistent post-COVID effects after hospital discharge.

Treatment scope: News report summarizing the separately cited REGAIN clinical trial rather than presenting the original trial report.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

This is a complete news report rather than the primary RCT publication. It supports trial eligibility and selected findings, but leaves most trustworthiness checks unresolved without concrete, corroborated evidence of serious concerns.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human prospective, open-label, sham-controlled randomized trial of inspiratory muscle training for persistent exertional dyspnea in long COVID.

Treatment scope: Randomized sham-controlled inspiratory-muscle-training trial in people with persistent long-COVID dyspnea and diaphragm weakness at two-year follow-up.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Multiple concrete reporting inconsistencies warrant caution, but the supplied evidence is insufficient for serious concerns about trustworthiness. All machine decisions require human review.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Reports a randomized two-group human treatment trial in outpatients with post-COVID-19 asthenic syndrome.

Treatment scope: Randomized study of adjunctive ozone therapy in outpatients with post-COVID asthenic syndrome persisting 3–12 months, with reported outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: serious concerns.

Incompatible abstract content concerning resveratrol and unrelated biomarkers versus the ozone study methods/results, alongside multiple internal contradictions, creates serious doubt about the report’s trustworthiness. Human review is required.

6 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

At least one assessment raised serious concerns. The report is held pending review, including when the first assessment was less severe.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Completed human parallel-group randomized treatment trial in people with post-COVID condition, comparing symptom-based rehabilitation with usual care.

Treatment scope: This randomized trial enrolled adults with WHO-defined post-COVID condition and compared a 3-week symptom-based rehabilitation programme with usual care, reporting clinical outcomes.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No compelling evidence of untrustworthiness was identified, but unresolved publisher-notice, registry-history, cross-publication, and statistical-verification limitations warrant human review.

1 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in people with post-COVID-19 condition.

Treatment scope: Post-hoc report of randomized vortioxetine versus placebo treatment outcomes in participants with post-COVID condition.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

The apparent statistical-test labeling error and unexplained article-versus-registry participant-count discrepancy warrant clarification. Available evidence does not provide concrete, corroborated grounds for serious concerns.

7 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized placebo-controlled treatment trial in women with persistent post-COVID-19 fatigue.

Treatment scope: Randomized placebo-controlled trial reports fatigue outcomes following aromatherapy in women with fatigue persisting more than five months after COVID-19 recovery.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: serious concerns.

Multiple unexplained inconsistencies affect the central primary-outcome statistical table and corresponding text. Independent source-data verification or author clarification is needed; all machine decisions require human review.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

At least one assessment raised serious concerns. The report is held pending review, including when the first assessment was less severe.

1 extracted findings were withheld from the review after source validation failed. Existing dashboard outcome values have not been revalidated by this filter.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in adults with long COVID and pulmonary involvement.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial reports clinical outcomes of sulphur-water inhalations in outpatients diagnosed with long COVID.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, the ethics-timing discrepancy, and reporting inconsistencies require human review, but the packet does not provide compelling corroborated evidence for serious concerns.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Conference abstract reports a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in people with persistent post-COVID symptoms and fatigue.

Treatment scope: Conference report presents preliminary randomized clinical outcomes of cell therapy versus placebo in people with persistent post-COVID symptoms.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

No concrete integrity defect is established, but the preliminary conference abstract provides insufficient material to resolve most INSPECT-SR checks. Human review is required.

2 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized treatment trial in people with long COVID.

Treatment scope: Randomized trial of aerobic training in adults with persistent long-COVID symptoms.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Post-recruitment registration and a concrete internal statistical inconsistency warrant clarification and sensitivity analysis, but the available evidence does not compellingly establish serious concerns about trial trustworthiness.

5 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.

Provisional automated assessment (2 machine reviews); human adjudication pending.

Eligibility: Human randomized two-treatment crossover trial in post-ICU COVID-19 survivors recruited at least 6 months after discharge.

Treatment scope: The intervention study enrolls COVID-19 ICU survivors with post-intensive care syndrome, without requiring long-COVID/post-COVID condition symptoms as the study population.

INSPECT-SR first assessment: some concerns.

Retrospective registration, incomplete governance/post-publication evidence, and concrete reporting inconsistencies warrant sensitivity analysis and human review, but do not by themselves establish serious concerns about data trustworthiness.

3 differences between assessments remain unresolved; the first rating is not a consensus judgment.