Antiviral Nasal Sprays — Meta-Analysis
One forest plot per ingredient × outcome × effect measure with ≥2 trials. A pooled random-effects diamond (DerSimonian–Laird) is shown when 2+ trials report the same comparable estimate. A standardized (SMD) plot — combining continuous and binary outcomes onto one Cohen's-d scale — leads each ingredient×outcome group. (9 pooled.)
iota-carrageenan
Quality of lifeStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 2 trials · I² = 43.4%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous & odds ratio onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 2 trials converted from binary.
iota-carrageenan
Symptom severityStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 2 trials · I² = 73.5%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 2 trials converted from binary.
iota-carrageenan
Symptom severityMean difference · 2 trials · I² = 64.3%povidone-iodine
Viral loadStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 3 trials · I² = 46.9%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous & odds ratio onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 3 trials converted from binary.
zanamivir
Influenza symptom durationMean difference · 3 trials · I² = 0%azelastine
Viral loadStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 2 trials · I² = 0%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 2 trials converted from binary.
interferon alpha-2b
Symptom durationStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 2 trials · I² = 52.4%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 2 trials converted from binary.
interferon beta serine
Symptom severityStandardized (SMD)Std. mean difference · 2 trials · I² = 42.9%Standardized effect size (Cohen's d): combines continuous onto one scale via Hedges' g and Chinn's OR→SMD conversion (an approximation). Positive = favors treatment. 2 trials converted from binary.